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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for monitoring the variation of the thrust exerted by at least one buoy (2) exerting traction on an underwater pipe (1), in which: 1) the deformation of at least one optical fiber (3) by measuring the variation of an optical signal in said fiber extending on the surface or integrally embedded in the mass of at least one of the following support members: (a) the buoy, (b) ) at least part of: (b1) the length of the tubular wall of the pipe or (b2) an anticorrosive coating or thermal insulating material attached to the surface of said pipe, on which said buoy is pulling, and ) a stop piece (4) integral with said pipe or buoy and on which said buoy exerts said thrust, 2) a variation of said thrust exerted by said buoy is determined as a function of said variation of the optical signal.
    公开号:FR3057937A1
    申请号:FR1660254
    申请日:2016-10-21
    公开日:2018-04-27
    发明作者:Taoufik MAJDOUB；Francois-Regis Pionetti；Axel SUNDERMANN；Jalil AGOUMI
    申请人:Saipem SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Holder (s): SAIPEM S.A. Société anonyme.
    Extension request (s)
    Agent (s): CABINET BEAU DE LOMENIE Civil society.
    4) METHOD FOR MONITORING THE THRUST OF A SUBSEA CONDUCTOR BUOY.
    FR 3 057 937 - A1
    The invention relates to a method for monitoring the variation of the thrust exerted by at least one buoy (2) exerting traction on an underwater pipe (1), in which:
    1) the deformation of at least one optical fiber (3) is measured by measuring the variation of an optical signal in said fiber extending over the surface or embedded in the mass of at least one of the elements following support: (a) the buoy, (b) at least part of: (b1) the length of the tubular wall of the pipe or (b2) an anticorrosion coating or a thermal insulating material fixed on the surface of said pipe, on which said buoy exerts a traction, and (c) a stop piece (4) integral with said pipe or buoy and on which said buoy exerts said thrust,
    2) a variation of said thrust exerted by said buoy is determined as a function of said variation of the optical signal.
    Title of invention
    Method for monitoring the thrust of an underwater pipe buoy
    Invention background
    The present invention relates to the general field of underwater pipes for transporting fluids providing the surface connection for the transfer of hydrocarbons, for example oil and gas, from underwater production wells. More particularly, the present invention relates to the general field of submarine transport pipes of the rigid pipe type known under the name of riser including the SCR (“Steel catenary riser”) or flexible pipes type.
    Underwater fluid transport pipes are commonly used in the offshore production of hydrocarbons. Thus, in an offshore production field, one generally exploits several wells which can be separated from each other by several kilometers, even tens of kilometers. The fluids from the various wells must be collected by pipes laid at the bottom of the sea and transferred by bottom-surface connecting pipes from an underwater pipe resting at the bottom of the sea to a surface installation which will collect them, for example at a ship or a collection point located on the coast.
    The invention relates more particularly to pipes equipped with floats or buoys immersed along at least part of the pipe to ensure tensioning between the bottom and the surface to exert a tension on the pipe to maintain the pipe in the bottom-surface connection position, if necessary in a vertical position.
    More particularly, buoys surrounding the pipe are used coaxially. Typically, a buoy module generally has a cylindrical, hollow or solid shape and consists of a single or several parts, in particular two half-buoys, forming a cylindrical buoy surrounding the pipe coaxially, once assembled. More particularly still, sets of buoys arranged in a chain are used along at least part of the pipe.
    Generally, the buoys used for underwater fluid transport pipes in the offshore production of offshore hydrocarbons are made of foam, for example PU or syntactic PP.
    These underwater installations and equipment remain underwater at great depths for long periods (20 years and more), the installed buoys must therefore also meet these high mechanical stress requirements to resist the pressure from the seabed Indeed, the water pressure being substantially 0.1 MPa, or approximately 1 bar for 10 m depth, the pressure which the underwater pipes must resist is then approximately 10 MPa, or approximately 100 bars for 1000 m deep and around 30 MPa, or around 300 bars for 3000 m deep.
    However, experience shows that these buoys deteriorate over time. And, the deterioration of the submerged buoy over time induces a reduction in the buoyancy and therefore the thrust exerted by the buoy, which can be linked to a deterioration of the buoyancy material constituting the buoy and / or a change in volume of the buoy, resulting from the compression to which it is subjected in particular at great depth. In the case of buoys based on syntactic foam, this deterioration of the buoy can be due to the infiltration of water into the buoy causing hydrolysis of the glass beads contained in the buoy.
    Systems for measuring optical fiber deformation are known, for example curvature deformation or length deformation. In the case of a Bragg grating fiber, a light beam is sent into the fiber, a wave is reflected at each Bragg grating, the wavelength of this reflected wave is dependent on the pitch of the grating and the refractive index of the fiber core. The networks having different pitches, it is thus possible to differentiate the reflected waves. Because the stress and temperature variations affect both the refractive index and the grating pitch, which results in a shift in the reflected wavelength, this Bragg grating fiber is associated with a fiber of the Raman effect type to decorrelate the variation of the signal due to the deformation of the fiber from the variation of the signal due to the variation of the temperature. In the case of a Brillouin backscatter fiber, a light beam is sent into the fiber, the backscattered wave undergoes a frequency shift depending on the variation in temperature and deformation. It is therefore also necessary to associate this fiber with a fiber of the Raman effect type (which only measures the temperature variation) to decorrelate the variation of the signal due to the deformation of the fiber from the variation of the signal due to the variation of the temperature. . The optical fiber deformation measurement technology makes it possible, from a laser passing through the fiber, to obtain the elongation of the fiber and therefore the deformation of the material in contact with the fiber. An optical fiber can measure a micro deformation and this can be reported using Bragg gratings or using Brillouin backscattering. In the case of Bragg grating extensometer, when the optical fiber undergoes a deformation, the pitch of the Bragg grating (microstructure etched in the core of the fiber) changes and the reflection of light is modified.
    The object of the present invention is to provide a method for monitoring and evaluating in real time the thrust of the buoyancy buoys of the submarine bottom-surface connection pipes during their lifetime so that they can be changed if necessary.
    To do this, the present invention provides a method of monitoring the variation over time of the thrust exerted by at least one buoy mounted on an underwater pipe connecting bottom-surface and exerting traction on said pipe, characterized in that the following steps are carried out in which:
    1) the deformation of at least one optical fiber is measured by measuring the variation of the optical signal in the optical fiber relative to a reference value of the optical signal, said optical fiber extending at least partly in a direction having a component parallel to the direction of the thrust force exerted by said buoy on said pipe, said optical fiber being applied integrally, preferably by gluing, to the surface or preferably embedded integrally in the mass of a constituent material at least one of the following support elements chosen from:
    - (a) the buoy,
    - (b) at least part of: (bl) the length of the tubular wall of the pipe on which the said buoy exerts a traction or (b2) an anticorrosion coating of thermoplastic material or a thermal insulating material fixed on the surface of said part of the pipe on which said buoy exerts traction, and
    - (c) a stop piece integral with said pipe or with the buoy and on which said buoy exerts said thrust,
    2) a variation of said thrust exerted by said buoy is determined as a function of said variation of the optical signal as measured in step 1) preferably with respect to a reference value of the optical signal corresponding to a maximum initial thrust buoy.
    In particular, the said reference value of the optical signal is the initial value measured once the pipe has just been laid at sea, because this is when there is a maximum Archimedes thrust. All other measurements will be compared to this initial state.
    In practice and by way of illustration, it may be deemed necessary to replace the buoy if there is a reduction of 20% in the thrust (therefore a corresponding determined variation in the measurement of the optical signal).
    It is understood that said optical fiber is connected to an optical fiber which can be integrated into an umbilical, conveying the optical signal, preferably along the pipe, in particular for raising it to the surface or lowering it to the bottom of the sea.
    Advantageously, it is possible to carry out, in the workshop, a calibration step on the basis of fiber deformation measurements carried out in correlation with known variations in the values of thrusts exerted by said buoy comprising a said fiber, said thrusts being able to be measured by mechanical (springs) or electronic means (strain gauges)
    More particularly, in step 1), the deformation of at least one optical fiber is measured using at least Brillouin backscattering or an optical fiber with Bragg gratings, by measuring the variation of the frequency of the backscattered wave. or respectively the variation of the wavelength of the reflected wave of the optical signal reflected in the optical fiber with respect to a reference value of the optical signal of the backscattered wave or respectively of the reflected wave, and preferably one associates with said optical fiber a fiber of the Raman effect type, in particular in the event of temperature variation to decorrelate the variation of the signal due to the deformation of the fiber from the variation of the signal due to the variation of the temperature.
    In practice, this measurement of the Archimedes' thrust variation is made possible because the materials used as the constituent material of the buoys, namely synthetic materials based on PP or PU, preferably syntactic foam, or steel for the pipes (steel) may experience deformations for the thrust levels implemented on the pipe by a buoy or a set of buoy, namely typically from 0.5 to 5 tonnes, and at these thrust levels the deformation of the said materials constituting the compressed buoys or abutment pieces or deformation of the lines in tension remains less than the maximum authorized deformation of the optical fiber, namely typically around 1% in tension and 10% in compression. However, this problem can be overcome by using a fiber laid in a non-rectilinear manner such as in a helix as described below. So the laying of the fiber must be adapted to the material. If the material is rigid and elongates less than the fiber, a fiber laid straight can work. If the material is very deformable and it deforms more than the fiber, the fiber cannot be laid in a straight line but in a helix for example.
    If the optical fiber is applied to the buoy and the buoy is made of several buoyancy elements, preferably in the form of two half-buoy modules of semi-cylindrical shape able to be assembled, in particular two semi-cylindrical elements arranged on the one opposite the other, so as to surround the pipe, it is preferably necessary at least one optical fiber per buoyancy element.
    If the optical fiber is applied to or in a support element consisting of the buoyancy material constituting the buoy, or an elastic material of the said abutment piece, the said fiber is deformed by compression like the support elements concerned.
    If the optical fiber is applied to or in a support element consisting of part of the length of the tubular wall of the pipe on which the said buoy exerts a traction or of an anticorrosion coating of thermoplastic material or of thermal insulating material on the surface of said pipe part on which said buoy exerts traction, said fiber is deformed by elongation of the support elements concerned.
    Preferably, said optical fiber is disposed in or on the surface of a said abutment piece which is an elastically deformable intermediate stopper piece, preferably made of elastomeric material, disposed between (i) part of the buoy and (ii ) a rigid retaining piece integral with said pipe, the thrust exerted by said buoy compressing said intermediate stop piece.
    It is understood that the rigid retaining piece serves as a retaining in translation of said abutment piece and therefore of said buoy.
    In this embodiment, the buoy is applied against the initially compressed intermediate piece, the intermediate piece is less and less compressed over time when there is a decrease in the buoy's thrust over time. This embodiment in which the optical fiber is bonded to the surface or embedded in the mass of an intermediate stop piece made of elastomeric material is more particularly advantageous since such an elastomeric material allows, even being of a reduced size from 5 to 50 mm d thickness in the vertical direction, to detect a decrease in thrust by elastic expansion of said intermediate piece resulting from the reduction in compression and variation in volume of the intermediate stop piece in circumstances where a more rigid buoyancy material like that constituting the buoy would not experience any variation in volume or the steel of the pipe would not experience any deformation in elongation and would not allow a variation in thrust to be detected. It can happen in particular that the syntactic foam of the buoy loses buoyancy by degradation of the foam and the glass beads it contains but does not vary in volume due to the replacement of the foam and glass by water surrounding porosity.
    More particularly, said buoy is of partially cylindrical or pseudo-cylindrical shape disposed around the pipe and coaxial with it.
    This type of buoy is generally secured by friction to the pipe by clamps. The number and position of buoys along a pipe can vary depending on the installation and depend on the method of installation, depth, type of pipe to be laid.
    More particularly, a said central cavity of the buoy traversed by the pipe has a wall part of shape complementary to the shape of said rigid retaining piece capable of blocking the buoy in translation in the longitudinal direction of the pipe.
    In a particular embodiment, said rigid retaining piece is constituted by an upper peripheral steel flange surrounding said pipe and serving to hold in position said buoy positioned coaxially around the pipe and below said flange, said piece annular stopper insert being arranged coaxially under the face of said rigid retaining part.
    In this embodiment, the assembly of said flange and of said annular abutment intermediate piece arranged coaxially under the face of said rigid retaining piece can cooperate with a hollow shape complementary to an internal surface of a central cavity of said buoy facing the external surface of the pipe.
    In this embodiment, said buoy (or a plurality of buoys in a row) can (or can) be mounted (s) sliding (s) around the pipe being blocked in translation by the flange which transmits the thrust of the buoys the driving.
    In another particular embodiment, said rigid retaining piece is constituted by a lower peripheral steel flange surrounding said pipe and serving as a retaining position of said buoy arranged coaxially around the pipe and above said flange, said annular abutment stopper being arranged coaxially under the face of said rigid retaining piece.
    In this embodiment, said buoy can be fixed to said pipe by a clamping element at its lower end which is applied against and under the face of said compressed abutment piece.
    In another particular embodiment, said rigid retaining part is constituted by a steel shoulder on the surface of the pipe, the whole of said shoulder and said annular abutment intermediate piece coaxially disposed under the underside of the said rigid retaining piece cooperating with a hollow shape complementary to an internal surface of the central cavity of the said buoy facing the external surface of the pipe, the said shoulder serving as the retaining position of the said buoy arranged coaxially and around the pipe and said shoulder.
    Here, an arbitrary distinction is made between a "shoulder" and a "flange" in that the shoulder is a radial protuberance which extends over a greater distance in the longitudinal direction of the pipe or coaxial buoy on the one hand and than d On the other hand, the buoy completely surrounds the shoulder.
    Said shoulder can be a radial protuberance coming integrally with the surface of the pipe or attached to the surface of the pipe with clamping elements, in particular in the form of two half cylindrical retaining half-pieces added and fixed one against the other. the other and against driving by a belt or clamp.
    It is understood that the buoy can no longer translate or slide axially beyond the shoulder or flange and the thrust force of the buoy is transmitted to the pipe via a bearing surface of the shoulder or flange and possibly the outer surface of the pipe opposite a clamping element of the buoy against the pipe.
    More particularly, said flange or said shoulder can extend continuously or discontinuously circularly around the pipe with an additional thickness of 5 to 50 mm relative to the surface of the pipe.
    More particularly still, said flange or said shoulder can be arranged at the level of a forged junction piece ensuring the junction by welding between two unitary pipe elements of said pipe.
    In an alternative embodiment, the fiber extends helically (3a) and coaxially on the surface or inside said support element. This embodiment of the helical arrangement of the optical fiber is preferable because the helical arrangement gives a fiber curve accepting greater deformation of said support element and more particularly of the deformable part and it makes it possible to implement a single fiber. The deformation of the optical fiber in the axial direction of the thrust is in fact reduced by a factor corresponding to the cosine of the angle of the pitch of the propeller.
    In an alternative embodiment, the optical fiber extends sinusoidally or in undulations or zigzag along at least part of the circumference, preferably the entire circumference, on the surface or inside said support element.
    We understand that the amplitude axis of the sinusoid or undulations corresponds to the axis of the buoy and pipe and the axis of the period of the sinusoid is circular. This embodiment of the sinusoidal arrangement of the optical fiber is also advantageous because the sinusoidal laying also gives a fiber curve accepting great deformation of said support element and more particularly of the deformable part and makes it possible to use a single fiber. .
    In an alternative embodiment, the optical fiber extends over a toric surface, preferably by winding the fiber on an imaginary torus or on a toric support of diameter less than the thickness of said support element, preferably located in said intermediate stop.
    In an alternative embodiment, a plurality of optical fibers are implemented extending in a rectilinear manner in said coaxial direction of said support element.
    More particularly, a plurality of rectilinear optical fibers are used which are arranged regularly along the circumference of said support element comprising said buoy or preferably the surface of the pipe.
    In this embodiment, the plurality of fibers is advantageous for detecting deformations over the entire periphery or circumference of the pipe or buoy.
    The present invention also provides a bottom-surface connection installation useful in a method according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises an underwater bottom-surface connection pipe equipped with at least one buoy exerting a traction on the said pipe, and at least one optical fiber capable of making it possible to measure its deformation by measuring the variation of the optical signal in the optical fiber with respect to a reference value of the optical signal, the said optical fiber extending at least partly in a direction having a component parallel to the direction of the thrust force exerted by said buoy on said pipe, said optical fiber being applied integrally, preferably by gluing, to the surface or embedded integrally in the mass of a material constituting at least one of the following support elements chosen from:
    - (a) the buoy,
    - (b) at least part of the length of: (bl) the tubular wall of the pipe on which the said buoy exerts a traction or (b2) an anticorrosion coating in thermoplastic material or a thermal insulating material fixed on the surface of said part of the pipe on which said buoy exerts traction, and
    - (c) a stop piece integral with said pipe or with the buoy and on which said buoy exerts said thrust, and
    - Said optical fiber is connected to an optical fiber carrying the optical signal, in particular in an umbilical containing an optical fiber, preferably along the pipe.
    More particularly, said installation comprises a plurality of said partially cylindrical or pseudo-cylindrical buoys arranged in a row or spaced in a chain around the pipe and co-axially to it, and at least one optical fiber for measuring the thrust of respectively each buoy, preferably the same optical fiber for all the buoys.
    More particularly, the or each buoy is made up of several buoy elements, preferably in the form of two half buoy modules of semi-cylindrical shapes, able to be placed opposite one another so as to surround the pipe .
    More particularly, at least one optical fiber is disposed in or on the surface of a said abutment piece which is an elastically deformable intermediate stopper piece, preferably an intermediate annular stopper piece made of elastomeric material, disposed between (i) a part of the internal surface of a central cavity of revolution of the buoy traversed by the pipe and (ii) a rigid peripheral retaining piece secured to said pipe, the thrust exerted by said buoy compressing said intermediate stop piece, said part of said central cavity of the buoy having a shape complementary to the shape of the assembly of said abutment piece and said rigid retaining piece capable of blocking the buoy in translation in the longitudinal direction of the pipe, and the buoy comprises at least one optical fiber per buoy element.
    Preferably, the optical fiber or fibers of different support elements of a plurality of buoys in a row or chain is or are connected in series and to the same umbilical transmission of optical signals to a device for transmitting - receiving and measuring signal optical, preferably at the surface.
    In this embodiment, since the signal return time is known, and from the speed of light, it is possible to determine the position of a deformation and therefore which fiber or part of fiber has been deformed and therefore which buoy is degraded.
    In another embodiment, the optical fiber or fibers of different support elements of a plurality of buoys in a row or chain is or are not connected in series and are suitable for being connected to umbilicals for optical signal transmission different.
    Alternatively, if each buoy support element has its fiber or its own network of fibers not connected in series between the different buoys, it suffices to connect in turn with an umbilical on the optical fiber or fibers of each of the support elements.
    Advantageously, the buoyancy material of the buoy can be a material further having thermal insulating properties such as syntactic foam.
    Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description given below, with reference to the appended drawings which illustrate an embodiment thereof devoid of any limiting character. In the figures:
    - Figure 1 is a schematic view of a submarine surface bottom connection pipe 1 equipped with a plurality of buoys 2 in a chain to which the monitoring method according to the invention applies;
    - Figure 2 is a schematic view of a set of unitary elements lb of underwater pipe connected together by tubular junction elements equipped with 3 buoys 2;
    - Figures 2A and 2B show two alternative embodiments of a tubular junction element 1b, one (Figure 2A) with a peripheral flange 5a and the other (Figure 2B) with a peripheral shoulder 5b forming the entire circumference of the external surface of said tubular junction element 1c for fixing a buoy on a pipe against the flange 5a at one end of the buoy (FIG. 2A), and around and against the shoulder 5b at a cylindrical part 6b of the surface of the central internal cavity of revolution 6 of the buoy (FIG. 2B);
    - Figures 3A and 3B are schematic views of the arrangement of an optical fiber 3 on the outer surface of a buoy 2 in a helical 3a (Figure 4A) or sinusoidal 3b (3B) arrangement;
    - Figures 4A and 4B are schematic views of the arrangement of several optical fibers 3 on the external surface of a buoy 2 in a rectilinear arrangement 3d in side view (Figure 4A) and in cross section (Figure 4B);
    - Figures 5A, 5B and 5C are schematic views of the attachment of a buoy 2 on a pipe 1 against a rigid retaining part 5 via an intermediate stop piece 4 subjected to the thrust of the buoy, said part of intermediate stopper 4 of annular shape being disposed between a bearing surface of part of the buoy and (a) an upper flange 5a (FIG. 5A), (b) a shoulder 5b (FIG. 5B) or (c) a lower flange 5c (FIG. 5C);
    - Figures 6A and 6B are schematic views of an intermediate stop piece 4 with an optical fiber on the external surface in a helical arrangement 3a (Figure 6A) or sinusoidal or in undulations or in a zig-zag 3b (Figure 6B) ; and
    - Figures 7A - 7C, are schematic views in partial exploded sections of a buoy with an intermediate stop piece 4 of annular shape on the underside of a median peripheral retaining piece 5 fixed around the pipe (figure 7A) and with the cylindrical hollow form 6b of the central internal cavity of revolution 6 of the buoy (FIG. 7B), and a half retaining part 1c, abutment part 4 and an optical fiber 3a or 3b not integrated (FIG. 7C ).
    Detailed description of the invention
    The invention applies to any submarine bottom surface connection pipe requiring tensioning of the pipe, in particular a pipe ensuring transport between equipment 11 cooperating with wells for producing underwater hydrocarbons, in particular petroleum and of gas, and a surface installation, such as the submarine pipe 1 shown in FIG. 1.
    The underwater pipe 1 shown in FIG. 1 is of the type constituted by a portion of rigid pipe 1-1 of the type with a single steel tube extending from a piece of equipment 11 at the bottom of the sea 12 to the subsurface where it is connected 1-3 at the end of a portion of flexible pipe 1-2 rising to the surface by forming a double plunging chain. The tensioning of this type of pipe is achieved by strings of floats in the form of coaxial cylindrical buoys 2 mounted around the pipe over a portion of its length.
    Furthermore, the rigid submarine pipe portion 1-1 can be a coaxial pipe of the “Pipe in Pipe” (or “PIP”) type, that is to say that each unitary pipe element 1b or includes it an internal steel tube intended to transport the hydrocarbons coming from production wells and an external steel tube, coaxial with the internal tube and called “external envelope”, this one being able to be covered with an anticorrosion coating which is in direct contact with surrounding water.
    The rigid pipe portions 1-1 are typically assembled by welding oars or a set of unitary pipe elements 1a assembled on the ground comprising several pipe sections of unit length lb of the order of 10 to 100 m depending on the holding capacity. of the installation system. We also speak in particular of “joints”, in particular of “quadruple joints” (“quadjoints”) for a train of four unitary pipe elements assembled together as shown in FIG. 2. These trainsets of unitary elements 1b are connected to each other. others on board the ship and as they are laid at sea.
    In all cases, the buoy must transmit its tensile force on a bearing surface integral with the pipe and this can be done locally either by clamping on the outside surface of the pipe or by blocking at a surface of a rigid retaining piece 5 secured to the pipe taking up the thrust force to transmit it to the pipe.
    It is therefore possible to use several means of fixing the coaxial cylindrical buoys 2 around a pipe 1, namely:
    the buoy 2 can be fixed by friction against the external surface of the pipe by means of a clamping element applicable for rigid steel pipes or for flexible pipes, or
    - The buoy can be locked in position by a rigid retaining piece 5 consisting of a flange 5a, 5c or shoulder 5b applicable for a rigid steel pipe as shown in Figures 2A and 2B said rigid retaining piece 5 possibly cooperating with a intermediate stop piece 4 as shown in FIGS. 5A-5C. Each buoy 2 is then positioned and fixed around a shoulder 5b and / or against a flange 5a or 5c and / or intermediate stop piece 4 at the external surface of the pipe 1.
    The number and position of the buoys 2 along a pipe may vary depending on the method of installation, the depth, the type of pipe to be laid, etc.
    In the case of buoys fixed on rigid pipe by means of a shoulder 5b or flange 5a or 5c, typically a distribution is made for example of 3 buoys 2 by quad joint la with a shoulder 5b or flange 5a on each tubular junction element ensuring the junction between each unitary pipe element lb as shown in Figure 2 for the shoulder 5b. In this case, the cylindrical internal surface 6 forming the central cavity of the buoy 2 should preferably have a part of its surface of a shape complementary to that of the whole rigid retaining part 5- intermediate piece of abutment 4 to be blocked in translation in the direction and direction of thrust of the buoy.
    In FIG. 2A, the buoy 2 is blocked in translation by an upper peripheral flange 5a protruding on the surface of a tubular junction element 1c between two unitary pipe elements 1b. The upper part of the cylindrical internal surface 6 comprises a step 6a which cooperates with the complementary shape of the collar 5a to block in translation the buoy 2 in the direction and the direction of the vertical thrust which it exerts on the pipe 1.
    In the embodiment of FIG. 2B, the buoy 2 is blocked in translation in the direction of the vertical thrust with respect to the pipe 1b by a peripheral shoulder protruding 5b from the external surface of a tubular junction element substantially in the middle part of the length of the internal cylindrical surface 6 of the central cavity of the buoy 2 at a notch 6b of this internal surface 6 complementary shape.
    In FIGS. 3A and 3B, there are shown two modes of arrangement of an optical fiber 3 bonded to the surface or embedded in the vicinity of the cylindrical external surface of the buoy 2, namely an arrangement in the form of a helix 3a for the figure. 3A and a sinusoidal arrangement 3b for FIG. 3B.
    The propeller 3a of FIG. 3A will comprise at least one step, preferably at least 3 steps or turns along the length (height) of the buoy. A greater number of turns and therefore a smaller pitch angle of the propeller increases the sensitivity of the measurement with regard to the deformation of the buoy, namely with regard to the decrease in the length of the buoy linked to a decrease of the compression that the buoy undergoes.
    As regards the sinusoidal shape 3b of FIG. 3B, advantageously the parts of the fiber extending in the longitudinal axial direction of the buoy between the two points of maximum amplitudes 3cl and minimum 3c2 of the sinusoid, will be close to the vertical, that is to say slightly inclined with respect to the vertical to have the greatest number of periods of the sinusoid along the circumference of the buoy in cross section thereof. The sinusoidal optical fiber 3b preferably extends with these points of maximum amplitude 3cl and minimum 3c2 near the longitudinal ends of the buoy on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the sinusoidal curve preferably comprises at least four periods along the cross-sectional circumference of the buoy.
    In FIGS. 5A-5C and 6A-6B, an embodiment is shown in which an intermediate stop piece 4 is made of elastic deformable material such as rubber compressed by the pushing force exerted by the buoy. Said intermediate stop piece 4 is of annular shape and interposed between the internal surface 6a, 6b of the central cavity 6 of the buoy and a retaining piece 5 against which the stop piece 4 is fixed, the retaining piece 5 being consisting of an upper flange 5a in Figure 5A, a lower flange 5c in Figure 5C and a shoulder 5b in Figure 5B.
    In the three embodiments of FIGS. 5A to 5C, the intermediate stop piece 4 of annular shape as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B has an optical fiber 3 bonded to the surface or embedded in the mass of helical shape 3a in the figure 6A and of sinusoidal shape 3b along the circumference of said part in FIG. 6B.
    In FIG. 5A, the intermediate stop piece 4 is arranged on the underside of an upper peripheral flange 5a. And, the upper part 6a of the internal cylindrical surface 6 of the buoy 2 has a shape complementary to the assembly of the intermediate stop piece 4 and of the rigid retaining piece in the form of a collar 5a, so as to block the translation relative upwards of said buoy 2 with respect to the pipe 1 around and against which it is mounted.
    Likewise, in FIG. 5B, the intermediate stop piece 4 is mounted on the underside of the shoulder 5b, the cylindrical internal surface 6 of the buoy 2 having on its median part opposite the assembly of the shoulder 5b and of the intermediate piece 4a a hollow complementary shape 6b matching and cooperating with the shape of the assembly of the intermediate piece 4 and of the shoulder 5b, so as to block any relative translation upwards of the buoy 2 with respect to line 1 and compress the intermediate stop piece 4 under the effect of said buoy 2 thrust.
    In FIG. 5C, an embodiment is shown in which the buoy 2 is fixed to the pipe 1 at a clamping element forming a steel ring 2a, applied coaxially against the pipe 1 at the end lower of a connecting cone 2b in the lower part of the buoy 2. An intermediate stop piece 4 of annular shape is compressed under the effect of the buoy pushing between the fixing part 2a and a lower peripheral flange 5c in underside of which the intermediate stop piece 4 is positioned.
    In the three embodiments of FIGS. 5A to 5C, the intermediate stop piece 4 is therefore compressed against a flange 5a or 5c or a shoulder 5b due to the thrust exerted by the buoy 2 and therefore the height of the piece of stop 4 due to its elasticity increases in length when the buoy's thrust decreases.
    In FIG. 5B, the shape of the hook 6b of the internal surface of the central cavity 6 of the buoy allows such deformation of the part 4 over time with an initial space 6c above the shoulder 5b.
    In the case of placing optical fibers on the buoys 2 or the intermediate stop pieces 4, the optical fibers 3 can be positioned on the external surface or preferably embedded in the material constituting the buoy 2 or intermediate piece 4.
    In FIGS. 4A and 4B, an embodiment is shown in which three 3d optical fibers are arranged directly bonded to the external surface of the pipe 1 or embedded in a thermoplastic coating on the surface of the pipe 1, the 3d fibers being arranged rectilinear in the longitudinal direction of the pipe and arranged in a triangle in cross section. These rectilinear 3d fibers may be able to follow an elongation deformation of said steel pipe 1, allowing a measurement of the variation in the buoyancy thrust in the absence of optical fibers on the buoys 2 or intermediate pieces 4. However, preferably, the 3d straight optical fibers arranged on the pipe 1 will complement the fibers 3a, 3b applied to or in the buoy 2 or in the intermediate piece 4. In the case where the optical fiber 3 is continuously arranged on the pipe only, or on line 1 and on buoy 2 or intermediate stop piece 4, due to the signal return time and knowing the speed of light (of the laser signal), and the propeller pitch or period of the sinusoid (if fiber laid in a helix or sinusoid), we can determine the location of a deformation of the fiber.
    Advantageously also, at least one rectilinear fiber 3d on the pipe 1 will serve as a transmission umbilical connected to the fibers 3a, 3b applied to or in the buoys 2 or intermediate stop pieces 4.
    In FIG. 7A, an embodiment is shown in which the buoy 2 is formed of two half cylindrical half-shells 2d with only one shown, the two half-buoys being fixed one against the other and against the pipe 1 by a tightening belt 7 in an external peripheral groove 7a of the buoy. The optical fiber 3, 3a-3b is embedded in the mass of an elastically deformable intermediate stop piece 4 of annular shape. The intermediate stop piece 4 (shown in three-quarters in FIG. 7A) is arranged on the underside of an annular rigid retaining piece, for example made of middle steel 5d forming an attached shoulder. The rigid retaining part 5d can itself be formed by two half-cylindrical retaining half-pieces added and fixed one against the other and against the pipe 1 by a belt or clamp 8 in an external peripheral groove 8a of the said rigid annular steel retainer (for example). FIG. 7B shows the cylindrical internal wall 6b of the central cavity 6 in a shape complementary to the assembly of the retaining piece 5d and deformable intermediate stop piece 4. FIG. 7C shows a half-retaining half-piece 5d half-cylindrical, a belt portion 8, an insert part 4 and a helical fiber 3a or sinusoidal or in undulations or in a zig-zag 3b extending by two rectilinear fibers 3d running along the pipe 1 to join a buoy above and respectively below. It will be noted that in FIGS. 5B-5C and FIG. 7A, the elastic stop piece 4 is here shown in its position of maximum extension so that all of the pieces 4 and 5 occupy the entire internal space of the part of cylindrical shape 6b of the central internal cavity of revolution 6 of the buoy. On the other hand, the conical upper 6-1 and lower 6-2 parts of said cavity 6 here have the function of tolerating a bending of the pipe inside the buoy 2 in the event of curvature as shown in FIG. 1.
    The floats 2 can be independently integral each of the pipe and coaxial with the pipe as shown in the figures. However, they can also consist of a plurality of floats. The measurement of the optical signal can be done indifferently with fibers of Bragg gratings or in diffusion of the Brillouin type not coaxial but fixed on buoyancy modules and / or forming coaxial buoyancy modules themselves fixed coaxially to the pipe.
    The measurement of the optical signal can be done either with Bragg grating fibers or in Brillouin type diffusion.
    The optical fiber of each buoy 2 or intermediate piece 4 can be connected to the same main fiber running along the pipe to send the information from all the buoys to a transceiver device - laser measurement generally on the surface.
    If each buoy 2 or intermediate stop piece 4 has its own network of optical fibers 3 and connection independently of the other buoys (and not connected to the pipe), it is possible to connect in turn with the same umbilical signal transmission optics on each of the buoys or intermediate stopper pieces 4. Otherwise, a clean umbilical is supplied by buoy or intermediate stopper piece 4 to connect and recover the deformation information of the different fibers on the different buoys or intermediate stopper pieces. Finally, if the buoy is made up of several elements (for example two buoy half-modules), at least one fiber must be used per element.
    When it is the deformation of the buoy which is measured directly via the deformation of a fiber on the buoy, this deformation is due to the decrease in volume of the buoy over time (due to degradation buoy).
    In the case of placing optical fiber 3 in a so-called intermediate stop piece 4, in particular rubber, between the buoy 2 and the retaining piece 5, the optical fiber is preferably embedded in the elastic material of said piece of intermediate stop and the measurement of the deformation will preferably be done with Bragg grating fibers because the deformation is very localized, even if a Brillouin measurement may be applicable.
    In the case of placing optical fiber on the pipe, in particular in the case of a plurality of buoys 2 in a chain, the optical fibers are either bonded to the steel on the surface of the pipe, or bonded to or embedded in the anti-corrosion thermoplastic coating of the pipe if necessary. The elongation of the pipe due to the traction exerted by pushing the buoy can be measured by the fiber. The measurement of the deformation will preferably be done in Brillouin because the measurement is not local, but measures an overall deformation over a length of pipe. The fiber can be laid on the pipe in a straight line or in a helix, here it is the deformation (elongation) of the pipe that is measured, in fact the element is less and less "pulled" during the time by the buoy because there is a decrease in the buoyancy over time. If the fiber is laid in a straight line or in a helix on the pipe or in a covering, it is preferable to position several fibers to have a redundancy of measurements, and to know the elongation at different positions of the circumference of the pipe.
    The fibers can be embedded (or glued) in (or on) any deformable material depending on the variation in buoyancy. Regarding the buoys, they are generally made of PU or PP foam or syntactic foam, and the intermediate piece will preferably be made of an elastomeric material such as rubber, but any other usable rigid deformable material or other elastic material for the intermediate stop piece may suit.
    Similarly with regard to laying on the pipe, the pipe will generally be made of steel, but any other rigid composite or synthetic material deformable in elongation under the traction conditions used (if necessary with an anticorrosion or insulating coating) is possible.
    The intermediate stop piece 4 will have roughly the same dimension in external diameter as the flange 5a, 5c or shoulder 5b of the pipe against which it is applied, which is in practice a dimension corresponding to an additional thickness in the radial direction relative to the pipe from 5 to 50 mm for a pipe from 10 to 50 cm in diameter. Similarly, the intermediate stop piece 4 will have approximately the same dimension in the direction of thrust, that is to say in this case the vertical direction or axial longitudinal direction of the cylindrical buoy, ie in practice of 5mm at 50 mm, so that the variations in thrust forces transmitted from the buoy and / or intermediate piece 4 on said rigid retaining piece 5 and / or the pipe 1 are high enough to be measurable.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Method for monitoring the variation over time of the thrust exerted by at least one buoy (2) mounted on an underwater pipe (1) connecting the bottom-surface and exerting traction on said pipe,
    Characterized in that the following steps are carried out in which:
    1) the deformation of at least one optical fiber (3) is measured by measuring the variation of an optical signal in the optical fiber with respect to a reference value of the optical signal, said optical fiber extending at least in part in a direction having a component parallel to the direction of the thrust force exerted by said buoy on said pipe, said optical fiber being applied integrally, by bonding to the surface or preferably embedded integrally in the mass of a material of at least one of the following support elements chosen from:
    - (a) the buoy,
    - (b) at least part of: (bl) the length of the tubular wall of the pipe on which said buoy exerts a traction or (b2) an anticorrosion coating or a thermal insulating material fixed on the surface of said pipe part on which said buoy exerts traction, and
    - (c) a stop piece (4) secured to said pipe or to the buoy and on which said buoy exerts said thrust,
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2) a variation of said thrust exerted by said buoy is determined as a function of said variation of the optical signal as measured in step 1), preferably with respect to a reference value of the optical signal corresponding to an initial thrust maximum of the buoy.
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said optical fiber is disposed in or on the surface of said abutment piece (4) which is an elastically deformable intermediate stopper piece, preferably made of elastomeric material, arranged between (i) a part (6a, 6b) of the buoy and (ii) a rigid retaining piece (5, 5a-5d) secured to said pipe, the thrust exerted by said buoy compressing said intermediate stop piece (4).
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said buoy is partially cylindrical or pseudo-cylindrical in shape arranged around the pipe and coaxially with it.
    [0004]
    4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that a said central cavity (6) of the buoy traversed by the pipe has a wall part (6a, 6b) of shape complementary to the shape of said rigid retaining piece ( 5, 5a-5d) able to block the buoy in translation in the longitudinal direction of the pipe.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said rigid retaining piece (5) is constituted by an upper peripheral steel flange (5a) surrounding said pipe and serving as a retaining position of said arranged buoy coaxially around the pipe and below said flange, said annular abutment intermediate piece (4) being arranged coaxially below said rigid retaining piece.
    [0006]
    6. Method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said rigid retaining piece (5) is constituted by a lower peripheral steel flange (5c) surrounding said pipe and serving as a retaining position of said buoy arranged coaxially around the pipe and above said flange, said abutment intermediate piece (4) of annular shape being arranged coaxially under the face of said rigid retaining piece.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said rigid retaining part (5) consists of a shoulder (5b, 5d) of steel on the surface of the pipe, all of said shoulder and the said abutment intermediate piece (4) of annular shape arranged coaxially in front of said rigid retaining piece cooperating with a hollow shape complementary to an internal surface (6b) of the central cavity (6) of said screw buoy vis-à-vis the external surface of the pipe, the said shoulder serving as a retainer in position of the said buoy arranged coaxially and around the pipe and the said shoulder.
    [0008]
    8. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fiber extends helically (3a) and coaxially on the surface or inside said support element.
    [0009]
    9. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the optical fiber extends sinusoidally or in undulations or in a zig-zag (3b) along at least part of the circumference, preferably the entire circumference, on the surface or inside said support element.
    [0010]
    10. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the optical fiber extends over a toric surface, preferably by winding the fiber on a virtual toric surface or on a toric support of diameter less than l thickness of said support element, preferably embedded in said intermediate stop.
    [0011]
    11. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that one implements a plurality of optical fibers extending in a rectilinear manner (3d) in said coaxial direction of said support element .
    [0012]
    12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that a plurality of rectilinear optical fibers (3d) are used regularly arranged along the circumference of said support element comprising said buoy or preferably the surface of the pipe .
    [0013]
    13. Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that in step 1), the deformation of at least one optical fiber is measured by using at least Brillouin backscattering or an optical fiber with networks of Bragg, by measuring the variation in the frequency of the backscattered wave or respectively the variation in the wavelength of the reflected wave of the optical signal reflected in the optical fiber with respect to a reference value of the optical signal of the backscattered wave or respectively of the reflected wave, and preferably a fiber of the Raman type is associated with said optical fiber.
    [0014]
    14. bottom-surface connection installation useful in a method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises an underwater pipe (1) bottom-surface connection equipped with at least one buoy (2) exerting traction on said pipe, and at least one optical fiber (3) capable of making it possible to measure its deformation by measuring the variation of an optical signal in the optical fiber with respect to a reference value of the optical signal , said optical fiber extending at least partly in a direction having a component parallel to the direction of the thrust force exerted by said buoy on said pipe, said optical fiber being applied integrally, preferably by bonding to the surface or preferably embedded integrally in the mass of a material constituting at least one of the following support elements chosen from:
    - (a) the buoy,
    - (b) at least part of the length of: (bl) the tubular wall of the pipe on which the said buoy exerts a traction or (b2) an anticorrosion coating or a thermal insulating material fixed on the surface of said pipe part on which the said buoy exerts a traction, and
    - (c) a stop piece (4) integral with said pipe or buoy and on which said buoy exerts said thrust, and
    - Said optical fiber is connected to an optical fiber (7) carrying the optical signal, preferably along the pipe.
    [0015]
    15. Installation according to claim 14, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of said partially cylindrical or pseudo-cylindrical shape buoys arranged in a row or spaced in a chain around the pipe and coaxially with it, and at least one fiber optical to measure the thrust of each buoy respectively, preferably the same optical fiber for all the buoys.
    [0016]
    16. Installation according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the or each buoy (2) consists of several buoy elements, preferably in the form of two half buoy modules of semi-cylindrical shapes (2-1, 2- 2), able to be arranged one opposite the other so as to surround the pipe.
    [0017]
    17. Installation according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the buoy comprises at least one optical fiber disposed in or on the surface of a said abutment piece (4) which is an elastically deformable intermediate stopper piece , preferably an intermediate annular abutment piece made of elastomeric material, disposed between (i) a part (6a, 6b) of the internal surface of a central cavity of revolution (6) of the buoy traversed by the pipe and (ii) a rigid peripheral retaining piece (5, 5a-5d) integral with said pipe, the thrust exerted by said buoy compressing said intermediate stop piece (4), said part (6a, 6b) of said central cavity (6 ) of the buoy having a shape complementary to the shape of the assembly of said abutment piece (4) and of said rigid retaining piece (5, 5a-5d) capable of blocking the buoy in translation in the longitudinal direction of the driving.
    [0018]
    18. Installation according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the optical fiber or fibers of different support elements of a plurality of buoys in a row or chain is or are connected in series and to the same umbilical transmission of optical signals to a transmitting - receiving and measuring optical signal, preferably at the surface.
    1/5
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2018073539A1|2018-04-26|
    BR112019007768A2|2019-07-09|
    EP3529577A1|2019-08-28|
    FR3057937B1|2019-11-29|
    US20190242763A1|2019-08-08|
    EP3529577B1|2021-07-28|
    US10712214B2|2020-07-14|
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    法律状态:
    2017-10-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2018-04-27| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20180427 |
    2018-10-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-10-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-10-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-10-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
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    FR1660254A|FR3057937B1|2016-10-21|2016-10-21|METHOD FOR MONITORING THE PUSH OF AN UNDERWATER DUSTHOUSE|
    FR1660254|2016-10-21|FR1660254A| FR3057937B1|2016-10-21|2016-10-21|METHOD FOR MONITORING THE PUSH OF AN UNDERWATER DUSTHOUSE|
    EP17797393.0A| EP3529577B1|2016-10-21|2017-10-18|Method for monitoring the upthrust of a subsea pipeline buoy|
    PCT/FR2017/052869| WO2018073539A1|2016-10-21|2017-10-18|Method for monitoring the upthrust of a subsea pipeline buoy|
    BR112019007768A| BR112019007768A2|2016-10-21|2017-10-18|method for monitoring the elevation of an underwater pipe buoy|
    US16/343,354| US10712214B2|2016-10-21|2017-10-18|Method for monitoring the upthrust of a subsea pipeline buoy|
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